Modern History

1. Mention three of the several streams of the national movement in India?

The Indian national movement proceeded along several streams. But the most important were three, namely : (1) Under the leadership of the Indian National Congress, (2) Movement conducted by the Leftists, and (3) Revolutionary movement.

2. Under which Act were the elections held in 1937? Into how many Provinces was the British territories in India constituted by the Act of 1935?

The elections of 1937 were held as per the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935.

The Government of India Act 1935 constituted the British territories in India into 11 Provinces.

3. What happened during the Tripuri session of the Indian National Congress?

In the Congress session held at Tripuri (1939) Subhas Chandra's Resolution was defeated and Panth Resolution was accepted.

In the Panth Resolution majority members of the Congress Working Committee expressed their confidence in Gandhi's leadership, though Subhas Chandra was the President of the Congress.

Under such a situation Subhas Chandra resigned from the post of the President of the Congress.

4. Write about the two successes of the Congress Ministries formed in 1937.

The Congress Ministries formed in 1937 had several achievements to their credit.

Of these First was that they gave particular attention to the improvement in the education in all its stages.

Second was the Tenancy Laws passed by the Ministries benefitted the peasantry.

5. In which two consecutive years was Subhas Chandra Bose elected President of the Indian National Congress?

Subhas Chandra Pose was elected President of the Haripura Congress in 1938.

In 1939 he was re-elected as the President of the Tripuri Congress defeating PattaviSitaramayya.

6. Who put forward the August Proposal (1940) and in response to what?

The August Proposal was given by Viceroy Linlithgow to the Congress.

The August Proposal was offered in response to the demand for National Government demanded by the Congress.

7. Who was Cripps? By whom was he sent to India?

Richard Stafford Cripps was the leader of the House of Commons. He headed a mission to India in 1942.

The Cripps' Mission, a one-man mission, was sent by the British government.

8. Who adopted the August Resolution and when?

By way of preparation for a mass movement the August Resolution was adopted by the Congress Working Committee.

The August Resolution was adopted by the Congress Working Committee on 8 August, 1942.

9. With which movement is the name of MatanginiHazra associated? Where did she give proof of her bravoury?

The name of MatanginiHazra is associated with the Quit India Movement of 1942.

A rare instance of bravoury was shown by MatanginiHazra, a peasant widow of 72 years.

She led a massive crowd marching towards the Tamluk Thana (in PurbaMedinipore) to hoist a flag.

10. When was the Congress Socialist Party formed? Name one of its founders.

The Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934 in Bombay.

Jayaprakash Narayan was one of the most important leaders and a founder of the Congress Socialist Party.

11. Where was the Communist Party of India formed in India and when?

The Communist Party of India was born of a conference held at Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh.

The conference from which the Communist Party of India was born was held in 1925.

12. When was the HSRA formed and where? Name a famous leader of the HSRA.

The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was formed in Delhi in September 1928.

Of the various leaders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association the most important was Bhagat Singh.

13. With which revolutionary organization ware Bhagat Singh and BatukeswarDutta associated? Mention one of their revolutionary feats?

Bhagat Singh and BatukeswarDutta were associated with the revolutionary organization named Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

Their revolutionary act was to hurl bomb sitting in the visitors' gallery of the Delhi Legislative Council hall.

14. Why is Jatin Das remembered?

Jatin Das is remembered as a hero of the revolutionary movement.

He started hunger a strike in the jail where he was interned by the British government. He was on hunger-strike for 63 days and on 64th day he expired.

15. Who led the 'corridor warfare' and when?

The corridor warfare at the Writers' Buildings took place under the leadership of three revolutionaries: BinoyBasu, Badal Gupta and Dinesh Gupta.

The 'corridor warfare' took place at the Writers' Buildings in present Kolkata on 8 December, 1930.

16. How was the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) organized and when? With what objective was it organized?

The Indian National Army or Azad Hind Fauj was established in Singapore. The army was under the command of Captain Mohan Singh.

The Indian National Army was organized with the sole objective of liberating India from the British subjugation.

17. What were the ideals of the Indian National Army? When did NetajiSubhas Chandra Bose take over the supreme comma" of the INA?

The ideals of the Indian National Army were defined as follows: unity, self-confidence and self-sacrifice.

NetajiSubhas Chandra Bose took over the supreme command of the Indian National Army in 1943 at Singapore.

18. How far the Azad Hind soldiers enter into the territory of India? How they fought against the British?

The soldiers of the Indian National Army accompanied by the Japanese soldiers marched towards Kohima, the present capital of Nagaland.

The Indian National Army proceeded towards India after finalizing the strategy of the campaign with the Japanese military officials.

19. Mention two causes why the Indian National Army was a failure.

Various causes may be referred to as responsible for the failure of the Indian National Army.

One was the total failure of the supply line rendered the fight against the British impossible.

Second was that the lack of war-plans was a weakness from which the Indian National Army suffered.

20. What was the nature of the Students' Movement in Calcutta in 1946?

The Students' Movement that took place in the last phase of the freedom movement was essentially anti-British in nature the movement aimed at bringing the end of the British colonial rule in India.

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