Peasants movement & REVOLTS During British India

Peasants movement

 Neel/Indigo revolt (1859 – 60)

1. Region: Distt. – Nadiya, W.B.
2. Leader: Digambar visvas & Vishnu visvas
3. Reason: Against the Neel Cultivation
4. A play “Neel Darpan” by deen Bandhu described this revolt.

Pabna revolt (1873 – 76)

1. Region: Pabna (Bengal)
2. Reason: Increase in tax rate
3. Leader: Ishan Chandra Rai, Keshav Chandra Rai and Sambhu Pal.

 Mopla revolt (1836 – 54, 188 – 85, 1920 – 21)

1. Region: Kerala  [Mopla – Muslim comm.. → Agri. Labourer ]
2. Mopla were Muslim peasants but the landlord’s of this area were Hindus.
3. Reason: Protest against the exploitation of Mopla’s by landlord’s but in between this protest converted into communal fight.

 Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)

1. Region: Bardoli, Dist. – Surat (Gujrat)
2. Reason: Increase in tax rate
3. Leader: Sardar Ballabh Bhai Patel
4. The title of ‘sardar’ was given by the women of Bardoli.

 Tebhaga movement

1. Region: Bengal
2. Leader: Kamparam and Bhavan singh
3. Reason: Increase in tax rate
4. As a response to the agitations, the then Muslim League ministry in the province launched the Bargadari Act, which provided that the share of the harvest given to the landlords would be limited to one-third of the total. But the law was not fully implemented.

REVOLTS

 Sanyasi Revolt (1763 – 1800) – [Hindu]

1. Region: Bengal
2. Reason: Pilgrim tax
3. Note: Anandmath (Bankim Chandra Chatterjee): Description about the revolt of Sanyasi.

Fakir Revolt (1776 – 77) – [Muslim]

1. Region: Bengal
2. Leader: Majnu shah and Chirag Ali
3. Reason: Religious

Wahabi Movement (1830 – 1860) – [Muslim]

1. Region: Sitana [North west Frontier Province] (Pakistan)
2. : Patna (India)
3. Anti-British and anti-Sikh movement
4. Leader: Saiyad Ahmad Barelabi
5. Objective: Convert Dar-ul-herb in Dar-ul-Islam

  Kuka movement (1840 – 72) – [Sikh]

1. Region: Punjab
2. Founder: Bhagat Jawhar Mal aka Sian Sahib.
3. Later his disciples Balak Singh and Ram Singh carried forward the movement.
4. Headquarter: Hazara (NWFP)
5. Objective: To eradicate the evils which are present in Sikh Religion. And wanted to throw away the British and restore Sikh Sovereignty over Punjab.

 Ahom movement (1818 – 1833)

1. Region: Assam [Old name – Ahom]
2. Leader: Kunwar Gomdhan 
3. Reason: Britishers included the Ahom state in his state.

Pagalpanthi movement (1813 – 31)

1. Pagalpanthi – A religious community – Karam shah follower Tipu Shah
2. Region: Bengal
3. Reason: Exploitation of peasants by landlords and Britishers

Santhal movement (1855 – 56)

1. Region: Damne Koh (Bihar + Jharkhand)
2. Leader: Sidhu and Kanhu
3. Reason: Exploitation of peasants by landlords

 Munda movement or Ulughani movement (1895 – 1901)

1. Leader: Birsa Munda ( His portrait hangs in the Central Hall of the Indian parliament, the only tribal leader to have been so honored)
2. Region: Chota Nagpur
3. Reason: Prohibition/Closing of collective agriculture

 Koal movement (1829 – 39, 1844 – 48)

1. Leader: Buddha Bhagal
2. Region: Chota Nagpur
3. Reason: Prohibition on making of wine by Koal tribe and Interference by other’s in koal’s social – economic system.

 Khasi movement (1828 – 33)

1. Leader: Teerath Singh
2. Region: Meghalaya
3. Reason: Construction of road in the area of khasi’s people.

 Rampa movement (1879 – 80)

Leader: Alluri Sita Rama Raju 

Region: Andhra

Reason: To fight against the new forest rule and exploitation by landlords

 Diwan Velathampi Revolt (1805)

1. Leader: Dalawa Velu Thampi
2. Region: Travancore
3. Reason: By force – sign – subsidiary alliance

 Poligar movement (1799 – 1801)

Leader: Kattvaman

Region: Tamilnadu

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