MUGHAL DYNASTY Part 2

MUGHAL DYNASTY

Aurangzeb (Alamgir) (AD 1658-1707)

• ⇨BIRTH:1618, Dohad( GJ), Son of Mumtaz and Shahjahan
• ⇨Aurangzeb became victorious after the brutal war of succession among his brother Dara, Shuja and Murad.
• ⇨Rebellions during his rule – Jat Peasantry at Mathura, Satnami peasantry in Punjab and Bundelas in Bundelkhand.
• ⇨The annexation of Marwar in AD 1658 led to a serious rift between Rajput and Mughals after the death of Raja Jaswant Singh.
• ⇨Ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by him in AD 1675.
• ⇨Mughal conquests reached territorial climax during his reign.
• ⇨It stretched from Kashmir in North to Jinji in South, from the Hindukush in West to Chittagong in East.
• ⇨He was called Darvesh or a Zinda Pir. He forbade Sati. Conquered Bijapur (AD 1686) and Golconda (AD 1687) and reimposed Jaziya in AD 1679.
• ⇨He built Biwi ka Makbara on the tomb of his queen Rabaud-Durrani at Aurangabad; Moti Masjid within Red Fort, Delhi; and the Jami or Badshahi Mosque at Lahore.
• ⇨DEATH:1707, Ahamadnagar

LATER MUGHALS

Bahadur Shah I (1707-12) 

• ⇨Original name was Muazzam
• ⇨Title, Shah-e-Bekhabar.
• ⇨Promote friendly relationship with Marathas and Rajputs

Jahandar Shah (1712-13) 

• ⇨He ascended the throne with the help of Zulfikar Khan (Wazir).
• ⇨ Abolished Jijiya.
• ⇨A Prostitute "LAL KUAR" dominated in his court

Farrukhsiyar (1713-19) 

• ⇨He lacked the ability and knowledge to rule independently.
• ⇨His reign saw the emergence of the Sayyid Brothers (known as king maker).
• ⇨Abdulla Khan-Wazir
• ⇨Hussain Ali-Senapati
• ⇨1717-Issued Golden Farman to east India company for free trade
• ⇨Farrukhsiyar executed Banda Bahadur ( A Sikh leader) 

Muhammad Shah (1719-48) 

• ⇨Became the emperor with the help of the Saiyad Brothers
• ⇨Nadir Shah invaded India and took away Peacock throne and Kohinoor diamond.
• ⇨Title- Rangeela
• ⇨Emergence of independent state in his period

Ahmed Shah (1748-54) 

• ⇨Ahmed Shah Abdali (General of Nadir Shah) marched towards Delhi and the Mughals ceded Punjab and Multan.
• ⇨He worked under the guidance of Rajmata  "Udam Bai"

Alamgir (1754-59) 

• ⇨Ahmed Shah occupied Delhi Later, Delhi was plundered by Marathas.

Shah Alam II (1759-1806) 

• ⇨Original NAME: Aligohar
• ⇨Panipat War: (1761)
• ⇨Buxar War (1764)
• ⇨Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
• ⇨Could not enter Delhi for 12 years.
• ⇨1788: Gulam Kadir make him blind

Akbar II (1806-37)

• ⇨Pensioner of East India Company.
• ⇨Gave the title "Raja" to Ram Mohan Roy

Bahadur Shah II (1837-57) 

• ⇨Nickname: Jafar
• ⇨Last Mughal Emperor who was made premier during the 1857 Revolt.
• ⇨1862-death in Rangoon (Myanmar)

Causes behind the fall of Mughal Empire

• ⇨Weak and incompetent successors
• ⇨Wars of succession
• ⇨Aurangzeb’s Deccan, religious and Rajput policies
• ⇨Jagirdari crisis
• ⇨Growth of Marathas and other regional powers
• ⇨Foreign invasions of Nadir Shah (1739) and Abdali

Important Literature of Mughal Period

• ⇨Author(Work)
• ⇨Babur (Tuzuk-i-Babari)
• ⇨Abul Fazal (Ain-i-Akbari, Akbarnamah)
• ⇨Jahangir (Tuzuk-i-Jahangir)
• ⇨Hamid (Padshahnama)
• ⇨Darashikoh (Majn-ul-Bahrain)
• ⇨Mirza Md Qasim (Alamgirnama)

                  MUGHAL DYNASTY PART 1

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